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Chris Welford

Chris Welford

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  1. Download

    1. To find the latest version, go to the Tomcat downloads page: https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi
    2. Find the latest Binary Distributions section, then the Core sub-heading, and copy the tar.gz link.

    3. To download Tomcat, on the Linux server, go to the tmp directory. Use the curl command to download from the the tar.gz link.

      Code Block
      cd /tmp
curl -O httphttps://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/rsyncdownloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.3897/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.3897.tar.gz


  2. Install

    1. Unpack the Tomcat tar.gz file into /opt/tomcat.

      Code Block
      sudo mkdir /opt/tomcat
cd /opt/tomcat
sudo tar xvf /tmp/apache-tomcat-9*tar.gz --strip-components=1


      This creates the tomcat folders (conf, logs, webapps etc.) directly under /opt/tomcat.

    2. Set the file ownership and permissions.

      Code Block
      cd /opt/tomcat
sudo chown -R tomcat:tomcat webapps/tomcat
work/ temp/ logs/
sudo chgrp -R cd tomcat
.
sudo chmod -R g+r conf
sudo chmod g+x conf


...

And then paste the following script into the file, making sure that the script is adjusted so that: 

  • JAVA_HOME

...

  • is the

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  • base installation of Java. If you don't know where this is, run the command:
Code Block
update-alternatives --list java

This will give you the full path of the java program, for example: /usr/lib/jvm/temurin-11-jdk-amd64/bin/java. The installation directory in this case is /usr/lib/jvm/temurin-11-jdk-amd64.

  • The memory settings (-Xms and -Xmx) on the line for CATALINA_OPTS are set as needed (this example assumes you are allocating 8GB of memory to tomcat); see Tomcat

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  • Planning for details of estimating Tomcat's memory allocation

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  • The location of the GC (Garbage Collection) log file, set in CATALINA_OPTS, is correct - in the examples below, this /opt/tomcat/logs

Java 8

Code Block
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/optlib/jdkjvm/jdk1.8.0_85/jretemurin-8-jdk-amd64
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms8096M -Xmx8096M -server -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:/opt/tomcat/logs/gc-%%t.log -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10m'
Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true'

ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

WorkingDirectory=/opt/tomcat

User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
UMask=0007
RestartSec=10
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

...

Code Block
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/optlib/jdkjvm/temurin-11-jdk-11.0.13+8amd64
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms8096M -Xmx8096M -server -Xlog:gc=debug:file=/opt/tomcat/logs/gc-%%t.log:time,level,tags:filecount=10,filesize=10muptimemillis,tid'
Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true'

ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

WorkingDirectory=/opt/tomcat

User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
UMask=0007
RestartSec=10
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

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